Onchain Economics
Ethereum ecosystem economics of Layer 2s. This page contains a breakdown by revenue, costs, and profit. Only onchain revenue and costs are considered in this analysis.
Revenue
$163,960.37
Aug 2025
Aug 2026
Costs
$1,869.20
Aug 2025
Aug 2026
Onchain Profit
$161,695.59
Aug 2025
Aug 2026
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Details
Our Onchain Economics page breaks down how profitable Layer 2s operate:
- Profit is defined as the difference between Revenue and Costs.
- Revenue is the total amount generated from transaction fees on the Layer 2.
- Costs are divided into two main components:
- L1 Costs (1) — refers to the transaction fees paid for settling operations on the Ethereum Layer 1 (L1) blockchain.
- Blob Costs (2) — represents fees for data availability and can be further broken down:
- Beacon Chain (a) — fees associated with storing data on the Beacon Chain.
- Alternative Data Availability Providers (Alt. DAs) (b) — for using alternative data availability services such as Celestia.
Important Notes:
- We only account for onchain, trackable costs.
- Server costs, offchain computations, and overheads (e.g., marketing, staffing) are not included in this analysis.



